Corns and calluses are areas of thickened skin that develop as a protective response to repeated friction and pressure, often caused by mechanical stress from wearing poorly fitting shoes. Calluses are usually larger, flatter, and form on weight-bearing areas. Corns are smaller, deeper, and can cause significant pain and inflammation. Hard corns develop on the tops of toes or pressure points, and feel dense, while soft corns form between toes where moisture keeps them pliable and tender. Risk factors include improper footwear, foot deformities, and prolonged standing. A podiatrist can safely reduce thickened skin, relieve discomfort, and recommend proper footwear. If you have developed a corn that has become painful, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can offer effective relief and prevention tips.

Corns can make walking very painful and should be treated immediately. If you have questions regarding your feet and ankles, contact Mark Co, DPM of California. Our practitioner will treat your foot and ankle needs.

Corns: What Are They? And How Do You Get Rid of Them?
Corns are thickened areas on the skin that can become painful. They are caused by excessive pressure and friction on the skin. Corns press into the deeper layers of the skin and are usually round in shape.

Ways to Prevent Corns
There are many ways to get rid of painful corns such as:

• Wearing properly fitting shoes that have been measured by a professional
• Wearing shoes that are not sharply pointed or have high heels
• Wearing only shoes that offer support

Treating Corns

Although most corns slowly disappear when the friction or pressure stops, this isn’t always the case. Consult with your podiatrist to determine the best treatment option for your case of corns.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

When the ankle suddenly feels weak or rolls unexpectedly, it is often a sign of instability in the joint. One of the main causes of ankle instability is previous injuries, especially repeated sprains that stretch or tear the ligaments that hold the bones together. These ligaments can become loose, making the ankle more likely to roll or collapse. Muscle weakness and reduced balance can also play a role, as the body may not react quickly enough to keep the joint in place. Some patients feel sudden pain that makes the ankle give out, even when the joint is not fully loose. A podiatrist can evaluate the ankle, assess how it moves, and use imaging to identify damage or alignment issues. Treatment options include bracing, custom orthotics, or surgery to restore strength and stability. If you are experiencing ankle weakness, it is suggested that you make an appointment with a podiatrist for a diagnosis and treatment.

Ankle pain can be caused by a number of problems and may be potentially serious. If you have ankle pain, consult with Mark Co, DPM from California. Our practitioner will assess your condition and provide you with quality foot and ankle treatment.

Ankle pain is any condition that causes pain in the ankle. Due to the fact that the ankle consists of tendons, muscles, bones, and ligaments, ankle pain can come from a number of different conditions.

Causes

The most common causes of ankle pain include:

• Types of arthritis (rheumatoid, osteoarthritis, and gout)
• Ankle sprains
• Broken ankles
• Achilles tendonitis
• Achilles tendon rupture
• Stress fractures
• Bursitis
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Plantar fasciitis

Symptoms

Symptoms of ankle injury vary based upon the condition. Pain may include general pain and discomfort, swelling, aching, redness, bruising, burning or stabbing sensations, and/or loss of sensation.

Diagnosis

Due to the wide variety of potential causes of ankle pain, podiatrists will utilize a number of different methods to properly diagnose ankle pain. This can include asking for personal and family medical histories and of any recent injuries. Further diagnosis may include sensation tests, a physical examination, and potentially x-rays or other imaging tests.

Treatment

Just as the range of causes varies widely, so do treatments. Some more common treatments are rest, ice packs, keeping pressure off the foot, orthotics and braces, medication for inflammation and pain, and surgery.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic tools and technology to treat your foot and ankle needs.

Choosing the right running shoes is essential for comfort, performance, and injury prevention. Start by understanding your goals and the type of running you plan to do. Knowing your arch type is important. A neutral arch provides balanced support, a low arch often leads to increased inward rolling of the foot, and a high arch may result in reduced shock absorption. Understanding your running gait also plays a key role. Neutral pronation allows even weight distribution, overpronation causes excessive inward movement, and supination results in outward rolling. Each pattern affects how your foot interacts with the ground. A podiatrist can help by evaluating your foot structure and gait to recommend proper footwear or orthotics. If you have sustained a foot injury from wearing the wrong shoes while running, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for appropriate treatment solutions and guidance on choosing the right shoes and fit. 

If you are a runner, wearing the right running shoe is essential. For more information, contact Mark Co, DPM from California. Our practitioner can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Choosing the Right Running Shoe for Your Foot Type

To increase performance and avoid the risk of injury, it is important to choose the right running shoe based on your foot type. The general design of running shoes revolves around pronation, which is how the ankle rolls from outside to inside when the foot strikes the ground.

• Neutral runners are able to choose from a wide variety of shoes, including minimalist shoes or even going barefoot.
• Runners who overpronate, or experience an over-abundance of ankle rolling, should choose shoes that provide extra motion control and stability.
• Runners who underpronate, or supinate, have feet that have high arches and lack flexibility, preventing shock absorption. They require shoes with more flexibility and cushion.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Early onset rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory condition that can affect the joints sooner than expected, sometimes beginning in young adulthood or even earlier. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets joint tissue, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and warmth. The feet and ankles are often among the first areas involved, which can make walking uncomfortable and limit daily activity. Symptoms may come and go at first, but without care, joint changes can become more persistent over time. Early evaluation is important to identify the condition and begin treatment that helps control inflammation and protect joint function. Management may include medication, wearing supportive footwear, and strategies to reduce stress on affected joints. Paying attention to subtle changes, such as morning stiffness or swelling, can make a meaningful difference. If joint pain or stiffness is ongoing for you or your child, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Because RA affects more than just your joints, including the joints in your feet and ankles, it is important to seek early diagnosis from your podiatrist if you feel like the pain in your feet might be caused by RA. For more information, contact Mark Co, DPM of California. Our practitioner will assist you with all of your podiatric concerns.

What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s own immune system attacks the membranes surrounding the joints. Inflammation of the lining and eventually the destruction of the joint’s cartilage and bone occur, causing severe pain and immobility.

Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Feet

Although RA usually attacks multiple bones and joints throughout the entire body, almost 90 percent of cases result in pain in the foot or ankle area.

Symptoms

• Swelling and pain in the feet
• Stiffness in the feet
• Pain on the ball or sole of feet
• Joint shift and deformation

Diagnosis

Quick diagnosis of RA in the feet is important so that the podiatrist can treat the area effectively. Your doctor will ask you about your medical history, occupation, and lifestyle to determine the origin of the condition. Rheumatoid Factor tests help to determine if someone is affected by the disease.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.