Athlete's foot is a fungal skin infection that affects the feet and spreads in damp, high traffic environments. It develops when fungi grow on the surface of the skin, especially in areas that remain warm and moist for long periods of time. Athlete's foot is extremely contagious and can spread through shared footwear, locker rooms, and public showers. Individuals with a weakened immune system or diabetes may be at a higher risk, as their bodies may have more difficulty fighting off infections.

The symptoms of athlete's foot depend on the specific type of infection. Many people experience itching, burning, and irritation that can worsen after removing shoes. Interdigital athlete's foot causes skin breakdown between the toes, often appearing white, soggy, or cracked. Plantar athlete's foot affects the bottom of the foot and causes dry, scaly skin that may extend along the sides of the foot. Additionally, acute vesicular athlete's foot is characterized by sudden blister formation, with itchy or painful fluid-filled lesions that can cause significant discomfort.

Several causes and risk factors contribute to athlete's foot. Walking barefoot in public areas such as pools and showers exposes the skin to fungi. Sharing shoes, socks, or towels increases the risk of transmission. Excessive sweating, tight footwear, and poor ventilation create an ideal environment for fungal growth. Medical conditions such as diabetes and immune system disorders can also make individuals more susceptible to infection and slow the healing process.

Prevention and treatment focus on maintaining proper foot hygiene and reducing moisture. Keeping the feet dry, wearing moisture-wicking socks, and choosing well ventilated shoes can help lower the risk. Antifungal medications are often effective, but recurring infections may require evaluation by a podiatrist. Professional care ensures proper identification of the infection type and effective treatment planning. If you have symptoms of athlete's foot, it is strongly suggested that you consult a podiatrist for effective treatment solutions, which may include prescribed medication. 

Athlete’s foot is an inconvenient condition that can be easily reduced with the proper treatment. If you have any concerns about your feet and ankles, contact Mark Co, DPM from California.  Our practitioner will treat your foot and ankle needs.

Athlete’s Foot: The Sole Story

Athlete's foot, also known as tinea pedis, can be an extremely contagious foot infection. It is commonly contracted in public changing areas and bathrooms, dormitory style living quarters, around locker rooms and public swimming pools, or anywhere your feet often come into contact with other people.

Solutions to Combat Athlete’s Foot

• Hydrate your feet by using lotion
• Exfoliate
• Buff off nails
• Use of anti-fungal products
• Examine your feet and visit your doctor if any suspicious blisters or cuts develop

Athlete’s foot can cause many irritating symptoms such as dry and flaking skin, itching, and redness. Some more severe symptoms can include bleeding and cracked skin, intense itching and burning, and even pain when walking. In the worst cases, Athlete’s foot can cause blistering as well. Speak to your podiatrist for a better understanding of the different causes of Athlete’s foot, as well as help in determining which treatment options are best for you.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the tibial nerve as it travels through a narrow space on the inside of the ankle. This area, known as the tarsal tunnel, contains tendons, blood vessels, and the nerve that supplies sensation to the bottom of the foot. When the tibial nerve becomes irritated or compressed, it can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms. This condition is considered an unusual form of peripheral neuropathy because it affects nerve function and sensation in the foot.

Common symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation along the bottom of the foot or around the ankle. Some individuals may also experience muscle weakness or damage in the foot if the condition progresses. The discomfort may worsen with prolonged standing or walking and improve with rest. These symptoms can interfere with daily activities and reduce overall mobility if not addressed early.

Several causes and risk factors contribute to the development of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Swelling from an injury, such as an ankle sprain, can place pressure on the tibial nerve. Other causes include flat feet, varicose veins, or inflammation from chronic conditions. Risk factors include repetitive stress, wearing improper footwear, and occupations that require long periods of standing. Structural abnormalities in the foot can also increase the likelihood of nerve compression.

Early recognition and proper management can help prevent long-term complications. Treatment often focuses on reducing pressure on the nerve and improving foot alignment. Wearing supportive footwear, rest, and targeted exercises may help relieve symptoms. Addressing the underlying cause is essential for long-term relief and improved function. If you have symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be very uncomfortable to live with. If you are experiencing tarsal tunnel syndrome, contact Mark Co, DPM of California. Our practitioner can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome, which can also be called tibial nerve dysfunction, is an uncommon condition of misfiring peripheral nerves in the foot. The tibial nerve is the peripheral nerve in the leg responsible for sensation and movement of the foot and calf muscles. In tarsal tunnel syndrome, the tibial nerve is damaged, causing problems with movement and feeling in the foot of the affected leg.

Common Cause of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

• Involves pressure or an injury, direct pressure on the tibial nerve for an extended period of time, sometimes caused by other body structures close by or near the knee.
• Diseases that damage nerves, including diabetes, may cause tarsal tunnel syndrome.
• At times, tarsal tunnel syndrome can appear without an obvious cause in some cases.

The Effects of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

• Different sensations, an afflicted person may experience pain, tingling, burning or other unusual sensations in the foot of the affected leg.
• The foot muscles, toes and ankle become weaker, and curling your toes or flexing your foot can become difficult.
• If condition worsens, infections and ulcers may develop on the foot that is experiencing the syndrome.

A physical exam of the leg can help identify the presence of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Medical tests, such as a nerve biopsy, are also used to diagnose the condition. Patients may receive physical therapy and prescriptive medication. In extreme cases, some may require surgery.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Falls in seniors can affect mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. Many falls are linked to gait and balance disorders. These may be caused by underlying medical conditions, such as arthritis, neurological disorders, or vision problems. As the body ages, muscle strength and coordination can decline, making it more difficult to maintain stability during daily activities.

Symptoms related to fall risk often include unsteady walking, weakness in the legs, and difficulty maintaining balance. Seniors may feel unsure when standing or turning, and they may rely more on support from walls or furniture. Foot and ankle discomfort can also contribute to instability, especially if pain limits proper movement. Recognizing these warning signs early can help reduce the likelihood of a fall and prevent serious injury.

The causes of falls in seniors are often complex. Gait and balance disorders can result from chronic conditions that affect the muscles, joints, or nervous system. Wearing poor footwear, uneven surfaces, and inadequate lighting can further increase the risk. Falls can lead to foot and ankle injuries, such as fractures, sprains, or soft tissue damage, which may take longer to heal in older adults. These injuries can reduce mobility and contribute to a cycle of decreased activity and increased fall risk.

Risk factors for falls include advanced age, reduced muscle strength, and certain medications that affect coordination or alertness. A history of previous falls also increases the likelihood of future incidents. Maintaining proper foot health, wearing supportive shoes, and addressing balance concerns can help improve stability. If you have incurred foot and ankle injuries from falling, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist for effective relief tips, treatment solutions, and guidance on how to prevent falling. 

Preventing falls among the elderly is very important. If you are older and have fallen or fear that you are prone to falling, consult with Mark Co, DPM from California. Our practitioner will assess your condition and provide you with quality advice and care.

Every 11 seconds, an elderly American is being treated in an emergency room for a fall related injury. Falls are the leading cause of head and hip injuries for those 65 and older. Due to decreases in strength, balance, senses, and lack of awareness, elderly persons are very susceptible to falling. Thankfully, there are a number of things older persons can do to prevent falls.

How to Prevent Falls

Some effective methods that older persons can do to prevent falls include:

• Enrolling in strength and balance exercise program to increase balance and strength
• Periodically having your sight and hearing checked
• Discuss any medications you have with a doctor to see if it increases the risk of falling
• Clearing the house of falling hazards and installing devices like grab bars and railings
• Utilizing a walker or cane
• Wearing shoes that provide good support and cushioning
• Talking to family members about falling and increasing awareness

Falling can be a traumatic and embarrassing experience for elderly persons; this can make them less willing to leave the house, and less willing to talk to someone about their fears of falling. Doing such things, however, will increase the likelihood of tripping or losing one’s balance. Knowing the causes of falling and how to prevent them is the best way to mitigate the risk of serious injury.  

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe when the joint becomes misaligned. This condition develops over time as the big toe shifts toward the other toes, creating pressure and inflammation. Bunion surgery is a procedure performed to correct this deformity and reduce pain when conservative treatments do not provide relief. The definition of bunion surgery includes realigning the bone, ligaments, and tendons to restore proper foot function and reduce discomfort.

Symptoms of a bunion often include a visible bump, swelling, and persistent pain around the joint. Some individuals experience stiffness or difficulty wearing shoes due to pressure on the affected area. Risk factors for bunions include genetics, foot structure, and wearing tight or narrow shoes that crowd the toes. High-heeled footwear may also increase pressure on the front of the foot, worsening the condition. Over time, these factors can lead to joint damage and limited mobility.

Bunion surgery is typically recommended when pain interferes with daily activities or when the deformity continues to worsen. The procedure is performed by making small incisions near the affected joint and correcting the alignment of the bone. In some cases, the surgeon may remove part of the bone or reposition it using small screws or pins. Recovery involves rest, proper footwear, and gradual return to activity. The goal of surgery is to reduce pain, improve alignment, and restore normal foot function.

Understanding the causes and treatment options for bunions can help individuals make informed decisions about their care. Early management with proper footwear and support may slow progression, but advanced cases may require surgical correction. Monitoring symptoms and seeking professional advice can improve long-term outcomes. If you have a bunion and are considering surgery, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can determine if this type of foot surgery is right for you.

Foot surgery is sometimes necessary to treat a foot ailment. To learn more, contact Mark Co, DPM of California. Our practitioner will assist you with all of your foot and ankle needs.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Foot and ankle surgery is generally reserved for cases in which less invasive, conservative procedures have failed to alleviate the problem. Some of the cases in which surgery may be necessary include:

• Removing foot deformities like bunions and bone spurs
• Severe arthritis that has caused bone issues
• Cosmetic reconstruction

What Types of Surgery Are There?

The type of surgery you receive will depend on the nature of the problem you have. Some of the possible surgeries include:

• Bunionectomy for painful bunions
• Surgical fusion for realignment of bones
• Neuropathy decompression surgery to treat nerve damage

Benefits of Surgery

Although surgery is usually a last resort, it can provide more complete pain relief compared to non-surgical methods and may allow you to finally resume full activity.

Surgical techniques have also become increasingly sophisticated. Techniques like endoscopic surgery allow for smaller incisions and faster recovery times.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Francisco, CA . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.